Some Interview Questions for Desktop Engineer

1. What is WINS?
 

Windows Internet Naming Service. It is used to resolve NetBIOS name to IP address & Vice versa. Short for Windows Internet Naming Service, a system that determines the IP address associated with a particular network computer. This is called name resolution. WINS supports network client and server computers running Windows and can provide name resolution for other computers with special arrangements. Determining the IP address for a computer is a complex process when DHCP servers assign IP addresses dynamically. For example, it is possible for DHCP to assign a different IP address to a client each time the machine logs on to the network.

WINS uses a distributed database that is automatically updated with the names of computers currently available and the IP address assigned to each one. 

2. What is Clustering?

Clustering means it is a group of two or more server running same application and fault tolerance it is called Clustering.

Windows 2000 Advanced server support and Data center server support 8 Nodes.

Windows 2003 enterprise edition and Datacenter server support 4 Nodes.

But, Windows 2000 server and 2003 Standard Edition Not support for Clustering

3. What is Transferring and Seizing?

Transferring: If your Domain Computer wants to Shutdown for a while, you can transfer roles to another domain controller.

Seizing:  If your Computer wants to Shutdown Permanently then you can seize your Roles from your Computer to another Computer by using Ntdsutil.

4. What is Device manager?

The Device Manager is a tool included with Microsoft Windows operating systems that allows the user to display and control the hardware attached to the computer. When a piece of hardware is not working, the offending hardware is highlighted where the user can deal with it.

5. What is the Blue Screen Memory Dump Error?

A blue screen memory dump is an error screen that comes up just before the system gets rebooted, because the operating system is no longer able to function properly due to a variety of reasons, and the content of the RAM is dumped on to a data file. This is a frequent problem mainly encountered in various versions of Windows operating system, and is also popularly called the Blue Screen of Death (BSoD).

6. FSMO (Flexible Single Master Operation) Roles?

1. Schema Master: It will Contain all the object Attributes, Nothing but user Properties.
2. Domain naming Master: If we are adding any server or Removing any server from the Domain. This will contain all the information.
3. PDC Emulator: Any password changes by other Domain it will be updated to PDC Emulator, It will work in mixed mode, where NT B dc domain is there.
4. RID Master: It will give SID ( Security Identify) to any objects created in that Domain
5. Infrastructure Master: It will have the group information for that Domain 

7. Difference bet domain and workgroup.

Domains
Domains are collections of computers grouped for management purposes; they share a group name. Domains let users’ access resources using a single logon. Administrators don’t have to create multiple user accounts for a single user to give that user access to all domain resources.

From a security perspective, a domain is a set or collection of computers that share a common security database and a common security policy. NT domains advance the concepts seen in LAN Manager for UNIX and LAN Server domains. Each domain has a unique domain name.

Workgroups
The terms workgroup and domain are used extensively in Microsoft networking and refer to the management mechanisms available to network members. Workgroups imply decentralized management, whereas domains imply centralized control.

Workgroups are collections of computers grouped just for viewing purposes; each computer user is responsible for managing its security functions. A workgroup can consist of NT Workstations, NT Servers, UNIX computers running Server Message Block (SMB) services, and others. They communicate using a common set of networking protocols at all seven layers of the OSI model.

8. What is SMTP, pop3? Port number for the same

Short for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, a protocol for sending e-mail messages between servers. Most e-mail systems that send mail over the Internet use SMTP to send messages from one server to another; the messages can then be retrieved with an e-mail client using either POP or IMAP. In addition, SMTP is generally used to send messages from a mail client to a mail server. This is why you need to specify both the POP or IMAP server and the SMTP server when you configure your e-mail application.

Port number: 25

POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) is the most recent version of a standard protocol for receiving e-mail. POP3 is a client/server protocol in which e-mail is received and held for you by your Internet server. Periodically, you (or your client e-mail receiver) check your mail-box on the server and download any mail, probably using POP3.

Port number : 110

 9.What is ICMP?
 
 ICMP is Internet Control Message Protocol, a network layer protocol of the TCP/IP suite used by hosts and gateways to send notification of datagram problems back to the sender. It uses the echo test / reply to test whether a destination is reachable and responding. It also handles both control and error messages.

10. What is MAC address?
 
The address for a device as it is identified at the Media Access Control (MAC) layer in the network architecture. MAC address is usually stored in ROM on the network adapter card and is unique.

 

11. What is Active Directory?

AD is the directory service in Windows2000 network. AD is a hierarchical database. A directory service stores information about network resources and make the resources accessible to users and computers. It helps to centrally manage, organize and control access to resources. AD objects include users, groups, computers, printers, etc. Servers, domains and sites are also considered as AD objects.

12. What are the benefits of NTFS?

Provides both file and folder security, supports encryption, compression, disk quota and provides faster access than FAT and FAT32, maintains a recycle bin for each user, allows disk mounting and it is a highly reliable and recoverable file system. Is has built in automatic file system repairing capabilities.

13. Basic Disk and Dynamic Disk?

Basic disks use standard formatting and partitioning and contain primary partitions, extended partitions and logical drives. A basic disk can have maximum of 4 partitions. There can be only one extended partition which can be divided in to logical drives. You must use basic disk if you want to support dual booting since dynamic disk is only recognized by w2k.

Dynamic disk does not contain primary partitions, extended partitions or logical drives. It contains dynamic volumes. Unlike the 4 partition limit in basic disk dynamic disk can support unlimited number of volumes. In w2k we must use dynamic disk to create any volume that extents over more than one physical disk. W2k will support NT basic disk if they are created in NT but with w2k you can create only dynamic disks.

14. What is Relay Agent?

If we want to assign IP address automatically to other subnets then we need to require relay agent. DHCP server always uses broadcast traffic to assign IP address for the clients. But Router does not forward broadcast Packets. Router only broadcast unicast packets. To overcome this problem across subnets we are using DHCP Relay agent.

15. Definition of Boot Partition and System Partition?

System partition: This is the partition that contains the files required to boot Windows. For an Intel platform, these files are Ntldr, Boot.ini, Ntdetect.com, Bootsect.dos, and Ntbootdd.sys (if a SCSI device has no onboard BIOS). The system partition must be flagged as Active (or bootable) in the Master Boot Record. The files must be at the root of the boot drive. Setup assumes that the first IDE drive on the primary IDE controller is the boot drive. If a partition on this drive is not marked Active, Setup will mark it as Active.

Boot partition: This is the partition that contains the files requires to run the operating system. By default in Windows Server 2003, Setup puts these files in a directory called \Windows. (In Windows 2000 and NT, the boot files are put in the \WINNT folder.) The boot partition can be on any drive. If you put the boot partition somewhere other than the boot drive, Setup prompts you to create a small system partition on the boot drive. This partition can be less than 1MB, just big enough to hold Ntldr, Ntdetect.com, Boot.ini, and Ntbootdd.sys.

July 25, 2012 Tags : Technology