TCP/IP Protocols

TCP/IP is a large collection of different communication protocols based upon the two original protocols TCP and IP. Some Protocol's details are given below.

TCP:- It stands for Transmission Control Protocol. TCP is used for transmission of data from an application to the network. TCP is responsible for breaking data down into IP packets before they are sent, and for

assembling the packets when they arrive.

IP:- It stands for Internet Protocol. IP takes care of the communication with other computers.

IP is responsible for the sending and receiving data packets over the Internet.

HTTP:- It stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. HTTP takes care of the communication between a web server and a web browser. HTTP is used for sending requests from a web client (a browser) to a web server, returning web content (web pages) from the server back to the client.

 HTTPS:- It stands for Hyper Text Transfer  Protocol Secure. HTTPS takes care of secure communication between a web server and a web browser. HTTPS typically handles credit card transactions and other sensitive data.

SSL:- It stands for Secure Socket Layer. The SSL protocol is used for encryption of data for secure data transmission. SSL is a protocol that allows two programs to communicate with each other in a secure way. Like TCP/IP, SSL allows programs to create "sockets," endpoints for communication, and make connections between those sockets. But SSL, which is built on top of TCP, adds the additional capability of encryption. The HTTPS protocol spoken by web browsers when communicating with secure sites is simply the usual World Wide Web HTTP protocol, "spoken" over SSL instead of directly over TCP.

SMTP:- It stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.  It's a set of communication guidelines that allow software to transmit email over the Internet. Most email software is designed to use SMTP for communication purposes when sending email, and It only works for outgoing messages. When people set up their email programs, they will typically have to give the address of their Internet service provider's SMTP server for outgoing mail. There are two other protocols - POP3 and IMAP - that are used for retrieving and storing email.

IMAP:-It stands for Internet Message Access Protocol. IMAP is used for storing and retrieving e-mails.

POP:- It stands for Post Office Protocol.POP is used for downloading e-mails from an e-mail server to a personal computer. POP3 makes it easy for anyone to check their email from any computer in the world, provided they have configured their email program properly to work with the protocol.

FTP:- It stands for File Transfer Protocol. FTP takes care of transmission of files between computers. All modern web browsers still speak FTP, which was sometimes used as a substitute for HTTP in the early days of the web. FTP is still used often as a means of downloading large files.

NTP:- It stands for Network Time Protocol. NTP is used to synchronize the time (the clock) between computers.

DHCP:- It stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network protocol that enables a server to automatically assign an IP address to a computer from a defined range of numbers (i.e., a scope) configured for a given network.

SNMP:- It stands for Simple Network Management Protocol.SNMP is used for administration of computer networks. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an "Internet-standard protocol for managing devices on IP networks." Devices that typically support SNMP include routers, switches, servers, workstations, printers, modem racks, and more." It is used mostly in network management systems to monitor network-attached devices for conditions that warrant administrative attention. SNMP is a component of the Internet Protocol Suite as defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It consists of a set of standards for network management, including an application layer protocol, a database schema, and a set of data objects.

LDAP:- It stands for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. LDAP is an Internet protocol that email and other programs use to look up information from a server.

ARP:- It stands for Address Resolution Protocol. ARP is used by IP to find the hardware address of a computer network card based on the IP address.

BOOTP:- It stands for Bootstrap Protocol. BOOTP is used for booting (starting) computers from the network. A device that wants to obtain an IP address broadcasts a BootP request that identifies the device by it's MAC address, an identifying six octet number ( ex: 00:A0:45:08:CD:8D) that is uniquely assigned to a device by its manufacturer. A BootP server on the network, sees the request and sends a BootP reply containing a desired IP address (ex: 192.168.1.10) to the device, thereby making it now become accessible to higher level network communications using that IP address.

These are some protocols which you need to know. This is a basic detail of these protocol. If you like it than please comment. I'm waiting for your comments.   

August 09, 2012 Tags : Technology